2000-12-09〜 EC
State Aid
Policy Services of General Interest home page
2006-12-12 EC
State
aid: Commission adopts new de minimis Regulation, exempting aid notification
below €200,000
State
aid: Revised ‘de minimis’ Regulation – frequently asked questions
2006-11-22 EC
State
aid: Commission adopts new state aid Framework for Research, Development and
Innovation
2006-11-17 EC
State
Aid reform: modernising the current framework 
EVANS Lowri, Deputy Director General, DG
Competition
London, King's College & European
State Aid Law Institute
SAAP4つの柱、とくにrefined economic approach, ‘balancing test’の解説（Risk Capital Guidelineにつづき、framework on
R&D&I）、effective procedureとしてRegional Aidのblock exemption採択済、まもなくde minimis proposal、最終的にはGeneral Block
Exemption； 87条1項の’aid’の定義については、’no discretion, no scope for balancing
negative with positive effects’； ‘selective’要素を持たないtaxへの警戒感、加盟国におけるエンフォースメント等
cf.2006-11-08
2006-11-17 EC
[Official Journal]
いわゆるTransparency Directiveの最新版
2006-11-08 EC
State
Aid reform: where do we stand? Status of the State Aid Action Plan
Lowri Evans, Deputy Director General, DG
Competition
IBC Global Conferences, Brussels, 7th
November 2006
reform 4つの柱、2つ目の’a refined economic approach’: ‘Assessing
the compatibility of state aid is fundamentally about balancing the negative
effects of aid on competition with its positive effects in terms of common
interest.’ = balancing test
〔reformの現状： SAAP, June 2005; Decision and
guidelines on SGEI, July 2005; Communication on aid to innovation, September
2005[economic analysis of market failures]; new Regional Aid Guidelines,
October 2005; rules on short term credit insurance, December 2005; new Risk Capital
Guidelines for SMEs, July 2006; new framework on R&D&I, November
2006[refined economic approach]; de minimis proposal, to be adopted in
December 2006; best practices guideline[procedures], finalized internal
proposal(first discussion with Members, summer 2007); draft new General Block
Exemption, December 2006; Council’s enabling regulation, 2007; re-visit the
notice on cooperation between national courts and Commission; new notice on
State aid in the form of guarantees and a Communication on direct business
taxation, re-visit the rescue and restructuring guidelines〕
2006-10-18 EC
Postal
services: Commission proposes full market opening by 2009
’In the
event that remaining net costs of providing universal service need to be
covered, Member States will be able to choose from a range of options,
including, for example, state aids, public procurement, compensation funds and
cost sharing.’
Report from the Commission to the Council
and the European Parliament on the application of the Postal Directive
(Directive 97/67/EC as amended by Directive 2002/39/EC)
’According
to the Lisbon Strategy, the Internal Market must be made fully operational,
while preserving the European social model, an element of which is the
provision of effective and high quality Services of General Economic Interest
(SGEI). This is a key component of the European welfare state.’
2006-10-18 JFTC
内閣府設置法第58条第8項に言及
2006-10-17 EC
SAAPに基づく措置
2006-10-10 EC
Draft
proposal for a Council Regulation amending Council Regulation (EC) No
994/98 of 7 May 1998 on the application of Articles 92 and 93 of the Treaty
establishing the European Community to certain categories of horizontal state
aid
2006-07-21 JFTC
「郵政民営化関連法律施行に伴う郵便事業と競争政策上の問題点について」の公表について
MEMO: 独占領域を有する事業者のケースに際して、私的独占又は不当廉売行為の適用に関する考え方の明確化―スタンドアローンコスト方式を支持（独占領域の範囲の経済は独占領域で還元、競争分野においては競争業者と同条件で競争）
2006-07-19 EC
State
aid: Commission adopts Guidelines on state aid to support risk capital
investments in SMEs
SAAPに沿った、閾値再設定（light
assessment / detailed assessment）
2006-05-16 Committee
of the Regions
Opinion
of the Committee of the Regions on the State aid Action Plan – Less and
Better targeted State aid: a roadmap for State aid reform 2005-2009
2006-05-10 EC
Staff:
Commission appoints Deputy Director-General for Competition –
responsibility for state aid control
2006-04-26 EC
Commission
addresses specificities of social services – Communication from the
Commission, Implementing the Community Lisbon programme: Social services of
general interest in the European Union, SEC(2006) 516
白書（2004-05-12
【継続トピックス】）を受けて、EC条約16条の文脈での敷衍化： 現在進行形の条約適用ロジック及び今後のよりよいモニタリングについて
2006-04-24 European
Parliament
Opinion
on the Commission’s White Paper on services of General Interest
(2005/2016(INI))
2006-04-21 EC
Neelie
Kroes, European Commissioner for Competition Policy
Informal
Competitiveness Council, Graz, 21st April 2006
Draft
Community guidelines on State aid and risk capital to small- and medium-sized
enterprises
DRAFT:
SAAPの’balancing
test’に基づき、Agency
costs, Transaction costs, Risk aversion等の存在をrisk
capital（インキュベーション期のエクイティファイナンスやベンチャーキャピタル等）に認めたうえで、詳細検討に入る閾値4条件（12か月間の額、no
private participation等）、詳細検討時の着眼点（positive effectsとクラウデンング・アウト、distortion
of competition等を比較）を記述
cf.2006-02-09
2006-04-21 JFTC
「郵政民営化関連法律の施行に伴う郵便事業と競争政策上の問題点について」（案）に対する意見募集について
競争領域でのスタンドアローンコスト適用を支持／「ステート・エイド規制」についてやや踏み込んだ記述
cf.2006-04-12
2006-04-20 EC
Community
framework for state aid for research and development and innovation
DRAFT: SAAPの’balancing test’に基づき、正負両効果を衡量したのち、とくに詳細に検討すべきパートを掲げている（すべてのaidについて、incentive effect,
necessity, proportionality、分野別ではそれぞれ閾値等）
2006-04-07 EC
State
aid: Commission publishes study on national enforcement of state aid rules
Modernisationから発したprivate
actionレポート同様、加盟国におけるエンフォースメントを調査したもの（関連Notice, Notice
on cooperation between national courts and the Commission in the State aid
field, OJ [1995] C312/8）； 加盟国裁判所に提訴される５つのケース〔加盟国による当事者への返還請求、加盟国に対する補助決定の無効請求、政府機関間の適合性をめぐる解釈争い、加盟国に対する損害賠償/差止請求、補助受託者に対する損害賠償/差止請求〕
2006-04-04 EC
Services
Directive: Commission puts forward amended proposal 〔official
textアップは未：
2004/0001(COD)〕
MEMO(non-exhaustive):
《preamble
(36) freedom of establishment / free movement of services区分け》； Article
1 〔Subject-matter〕
- Article 1(2) 自由化・民営化との関連なし、(3) Services of General Economic Interest、独占体との関連なし、(4)
media pluralismほかの措置への影響なし； Article 2 〔Scope〕
- Article 2(2)(-a) SGIへの適用なし（SGIを指令等で明記するのは初か？）、(cd)
audiovisual servicesへの適用なし； Article 3 〔Relationship with other
provisions of Community law〕 - Article 3(1)(C) Directive 89/552/EECの優先；
Article 4 〔Definitions〕 - Article 4(7a) overriding
reasons relating to the public interestの具体列記
Frequently
Asked Questions (FAQs) on the Commission's amended proposal for a Services
Directive
Statement
on the Revised Proposal for the Services Directive
Speech by
Charlie McCREEVY, Commissioner for Internal Market and Services
European
Parliament Plenary Session, Strasbourg, 4 April 2006
2006-03-09 EC
State
aid: Commission proposes cutting red tape for small state subsidies
State
aid: Proposal to extend scope of ‘de minimis’ rule– frequently asked questions
Commission
proposal for an amended de minimis rule
SAAPに基づき、閾値を引き上げ
2006-02 EC
Study
on methods to analyse the impact of State aid on competition
競争への影響をはじめ、社会厚生という観点から国家補助ルールのスキームを検討したもの（文献の検討、分析フレームワークの検討、R&D
Aidの事例研究等）
2006-02-09 EC
State
aid: reform plan endorsed by stakeholders
今後の予定（new
guidelines for risk capital and for R&D & Innovation (around summer
2006), new regulations regarding de minimis aid (by the end of 2006)）;
NOTE: UK response, OFT responseあり
cf.2005-06-07
2006-01-26 OFT
”Green
Book”に、cost/benefit分析に加え、競争に与える影響について検討すべきことを提唱（基本的には、これまでの流れのガイドライン化〔stage
one: De minimis, Selectivity exemption, ‘Market indicator’
exemption [share, cumulative subsidy]、stage two:
full analysis [European State Aid ControlのPhase 2と同じ]〕；プレスリリースでは検討経緯も付記、ECレベルの改革については’…the
eventual result of the reform is uncertain, and is unlikely to be clear fro
some time’と言及）
付記： Case studies
of public subsidiesも付属、6つのケースについて、上記及び昨年11月の考え方〔SMCsと呼称：Subsidy（size,
selectivity, affect cost directly, recurring basis）
and market（concentration, differentiation, barriers to entry,
R&D） characteristics〕に則って分析
cf.2005-11-23
2005-11-29
Framework:
Community
framework for State aid in the form of public service compensation
exception:
transport sector (Article 73 EC), public service broadcasting (Communication) −いわゆる”Altmark
Package”
2005-11-23 OFT
OFT proposes
practical economic basis for EC assessments
State
Aid Action Plan（2005-06-07
EC）への提言（87条3項の解釈ガイドラインとして、第一段階：distortion
of competition、第二段階：case-by-case analysis similar to Article 81, 82を提言）；
OFTによるtwo-stage
study（first-stageは2004-11-24に報告〔拙稿近刊で紹介〕）を踏まえたもの； なお、よくまとまったState
Aid Controlの整理も添付
2005-09-21 EC
State
aid: Commission launches public consultation on measures to improve state aid
for innovation
Consultation
document on state aid for innovation – frequently asked questions
cf. State
Aid Action Plan site
SAAPに則り、(a) a well-defined market failure has to exist (b) the aid instrument
has to target the identified market failure (c) distortions of competition and
the effect on
trade should be limited to ensure that the aid measure is not, on balance, against the general interestの観点から検討を加えたもの（初）
2005-07-15
2005-06-07の具現化、Altmark
Trans判決のEC委員会の完全消化；Decision（86条3項に基づきcompatibility基準・exemption
ruleを設定）,
Directive（Transparency Directiveの改正、Altmark TransによってState
Aidとそもそもされないパートに関しても会計分離・over-compensation抑止を明示）,
Framework（Decisionにかからない一般的なケースに対応〔Transport,
PSBは適用外〕）の三本立て
“The State Aid Action Plan – Delivering Less and Better Targeted
Aid”
Speech by Neelie Kroes, European Commissioner for
Competition
UK Presidency Seminar on State Aid, London, 14th July
2005
2005-06-07
State
Aid Action Plan – frequently asked questions
Speech: The
State Aid Action Plan
By Neelie Kroes, Member of the European Commission in
charge of Competition Policy
Introductory remarks at open meeting of coordinators
of the Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee, European Parliament,
Strasbourg, 7th June 2005
State
Aid Action Plan; 全般的なロードマップ（less and better targeted state aid, a
refined economic approach; effective procedures, better enforcement, higher
predictability and enhanced transparency; shared responsibility： ガイドライン等の整理、block exemptionsの拡大; psb
communication, cinema communicationのレビューも含む）
2004-05-12
Commission
defines approach for promoting high-quality services of general interest
White
paper on services of general interest COM(2004) 327
Green
paper -2003-05-21
EC
Commission
confirms the shared responsibility of the Union and its Member States by
referring to the draft Constitutional Treaty and defines the guiding principles
such as maintaining high levels of quality, ensuring cohesion and universal
access, respecting diversity etc.;
Commission
concludes horizontal framework legislation at this moment but considers to
clarify the legal framework for the financing of public service obligations and
the selection of undertakings with a service of general interest and also
considers to develop a systematic approach to social and health services of
general interest
2003-05-21
European
Commission launches a broad debate on the future of services of general
interest – comments invited by September 15th
EC raises the question whether there is a
need for creating a general legal framework for services of general interest at
Community level
2002-12-19
(2002-11-12)
Discussion
Paper : Services of general economic interest and state aid
for the seminar “Towards efficient and effective
state aid: best practices in establishing the need and measuring the effects of
state aid”, held in Maastrict on 20 November
2002-12-13
2002-10-16
Progress
report concerning the reduction and reorientation of State aid – COM(2002)
555 final
2002-06-13
Report
to the Seville European Council on the status of work on the guidelines for
state aid and services of general economic interest – COM(2002) 280 final
2001-10-17
Report
to the Laeken European Council – Services of General Interest – COM(2001)
598 final
2001-01-19
Communication
from the Commission - Services of general interest in Europe
1996-09-26
Services of General
Interest in Europe, 96/C 281/03 (-.tif file[in my site])
Case law –
what constitutes ‘State Aid’
2006-12-12 CFI
Judgment of the Court of First Instance in
Case T-146/03 Asociación de Estaciones de Servicio de Madrid et Federación Catalana
de Estaciones de Servicio v Commission
judicial
review on Commission’s decision - ”manifest error”基準 / スペインのhypermarket参入促進法関連（’led to the
granting of State aid’）
2006-12-12 CFI
Judgment of the Court of First Instance in
Case T-155/04 SELEX v Commission
concept
of an ‘undertaking’: Eurocontrol is not acting as an undertaking for the
purposes of Article 82 when acting as a standardisation authority or financing
research and development [機能分解para.59-]
2006-09-11 ヤマト運輸
日本郵政公社を違反被疑者とする公正取引委員会への申告について
「東京高等裁判所は弁論準備手続において『ゆうパックのスタンドア ローンコストを立証する機会を与える』との意向を当社に示しました。また、当社の文書提出命令申立に対しその発令を留保した上で公正取引委員会の強制調査権並びに専門的解析能力に期待してはどうかという示唆がありました。」
2006-07-05 EFTA
SA
SGEI判断のケース（215/06/COL）；
state aid該当４要件のうち、necessity testについて、PSOとそれ以外の商業サービスの切り分け無しのため、不十分と判断（なお、EEA
Agreement 61条1項がEC条約87条1項に、EEA Agreement 59条2項がEC条約86条2項に該当）
2006-07-20 EC
State
aid: Commission requests Belgium to clarify financing of public service
broadcaster VRT
cf.2005-03-03 Germany,
Netherlands, Ireland (still pending); 2005-04-20 France, Italy, Spain, Portugal (closed)
2006-07-20 EC
cf.2005-11-09 EC
〔guidanceを提示〕
2006-07-11 ECJ
Judgment
of the Court of Justice in Case C-205/03P FENIN/Commission
’undertaking’の定義をめぐる論争に一定の決着（英OFTのガイドライン等もこの判決待ちの状況だった）
cf.2003-03-04
CFI Judgment
[press release] の確定2004-01-22 OFT;
2005-11-10
ECJ AG Opinion
2006-07-07 EC
cf.2005-03-03
2006-07-05 EC
State
aid: Commission endorses financial restructuring plan for Portuguese public
broadcaster RTP
Altmarkテスト後、コミュニケーション、アムステルダムprotocolに則りSGEIテスト〔かつての子会社にat 0-costでスポーツ放送権を移転、等も検討〕
cf.2006-03-22
2006-06-22 EC
2006-06-07 AMC
On June 7,
2006, the Antitrust Modernization Commission will hold a public meeting during
which Commissioners will deliberate on possible recommendations. The Commission
will deliberate on the state action doctrine and international antitrust issues
Documents: Discussion
Outline re: State Action Doctrine, Discussion Memorandum re: State Action
Doctrine込み
”clear
articulation prong”, “active supervision” prongの変更・明確化、market
participation exception/interstate spillover exceptionの設定の是非、state
action doctrineをcodifyすべきか等が検討テーマ： FTCレポート、過去の判例で用いられた概念等も検討
2006-06-07 CFI
Judgment of
the Court of First Instance in Case T-613/97 Ufex and Others v Commission
元判決[2000-12-14 CFI]、差し戻し[2003-07-03
ECJ]に続く判決（cf.2006-04-12,
21 JFTCペーパー：ラ・ポスト事件要約も参照）
2006-03-22 EC
2003年末決定（対イタリア、ポルトガル、フランス）で残っていたポルトガルのケース：
2001年コミュニケーションに沿って、over-compensation
/ cross-subsidies防止、商業分野におけるイコールフッティングを措置（同種の話は、ドイツ、アイルランド、オランダのケースがペンディング）
cf.2003-10-15
2006-03-02 EC
Strengthening
the European Creative Industries in the Light of the i2010 Strategy
Neelie
Kroes, Member of the European Commission in charge of Competition Policy
Opening
address at the Austrian Presidency Expert Seminar: Content for competitiveness,
Vienna, 2nd March 2006
2007-2008の間にCommunicationをrevise;
“Developing technology has blurred the traditional concept of broadcasting.
Today, content is increasingly distributed over new platforms such as the
Internet. So policy makers need to reflect on the mission of public service
broadcasters in this new media environment.”
2006-02-24 EC
State
aid: Commission endorses public service compensation for UK Post
rural
countersを支えるためのaid（compensation testをパス：”Altmark package”）
cf.2006-02-24 DTI £300
million post office support secured over next two years
2006-01 BBC
BBC Fair
Trading Guidelines / Fair Trading Commitment / Trailing of commercial products
on public service channels [January 2006追加] （cf.
Television
broadcasting services: A report on the publicising, in the course of supplying
a television broadcasting service, of goods supplied by the broadcaster）
Fair Trading:
quarterly complaints bulletins
〔related EC documents〕
Communication
from the Commission on the application of State aid rules to public service
broadcasting, Official Journal C 320, 15.11.2001, pages 5-11
2005-04-20 EC
”appropriate
measures”確認、審査終了（2005-03-03決定にも言及）
cf.2003-12-10
France（2年以内のcommiment）
cf.2003-10-15
Italy（法改正終了）,
Spain（2005年末までのcommitment）
2005-03-03 EC
Public
service broadcasting and state aid – frequently asked questions
下記の前例を踏襲（clear definition of public service remit, separation
of accounts, adequate mechanism to prevent overcompensation）; 新味は、ドイツ・オランダについて提起された、online activitiesのファイナンス
cf.2003-12-10 France, 2003-10-15 Portugal, Italy, Spain
2004-11-24 OFT
New research
by the OFT examines the potential for public subsidies to distort competition and
highlights gaps in the current EC and national regimes governing the provision
of subsidies – State aid policy in the UK and EC
”consideration
should be given to ways of supplementing policy appraisal guidance to ensure
that competition considerations are included as one of the factors to be
taken into account when designing a subsidy” (including implication on EC state
aid rules)…and in next step, OFT will develop the broad recommendation through
specific case studies
2004-09-14 EC
State Aid
Cases - Documents
for information
internal
documents on pending cases: subsidy on DTT in Sweden and Germany [aid to DVB-T
is capable of distorting competition since it competes with DVB-C and DVB-S ],
rescue aid on Telecom etc.
2004-07-28 EC
Case
T-309/04:
Action brought on 28 July 2004 by TV2/DANMARK A/S against the Commission of the
European Communities [2004] OJ C 262/43
2004-07-02 Danish
Government
Press
Release:
Denmark
will file an EC Court appeal in hopes of reversing the EU's ruling on illegal
state subsidies to TV2
cf.2004-05-19 EC
2004-05-19 EC
Assess
the net cost of public service provision (check over-compensation) by looking
whether TV2 aims to maximize revenue in commercial activities. In addition,
Danish State is considered to fail private investor test (or market economy
investor test) - Following the other PSB decisions’ reasoning2003-10-15
RAI (Italy), RTP (Portugal)2003-12-10
France 2 and 3 (France)
Official
Text: Commission
Decision on measures implemented by Denmark for TV2/Danmark (2005/217/EC) [2006] OJ L 85/1
コミュニケーションpoint 56に従う会計区分を実施している場合の、EC委員会の判断方法（para.105など）、同point 58の記述のように、同様のポジションにある効率的な商業事業者を下回る価格設定であるか否かの判断方法（para.131以下）
cf.2003-01-21
launch of the probe
2004-05-06 Italy
テレビラジオ制度改革法発効
（第6条5項：公的財源の公共放送サービス義務への充当、第17条：商業会計との会計分離、第18条4項：商業サービスへの公的財源投入の禁止）
2004-04-13 EC
Notification:
TF1
v Commission, Action brought on 13 April 2004, [2004] O.J. C 168/8
appeals
to annul the Decision C(2003) 4497final, main arguments are: application of
Article 86(2) and Transparency Directive (Directive 80/723)
cf.2003-12-10 EC
2003-12-10 EC
[application
of the method laid down in the communication on the application of state aid
rules to public service broadcasting] ad hoc aid is limited to compensation for
the costs of public service obligations; to ensure the same conditions of
competition on commercial markets, EC proposes “appropriate
measures”…sufficient guarantee for no overcompensation; cf. EC also checked the
public service obligations and considered them as a service of general
interest.
cf.2003-10-15 EC
2003-11-27 ECJ
Judgments
of the Court of Justice in Cases C-34/01 to C-38/01 Enirisorse – State
Aid
Allocation
of a proportion of port charges to an undertaking responsible for handling
goods in ports constitutes State aid if it is not linked to
public-service duties the costs of which have been clearly defined beforehand
[Altmark affirmed]
2003-11-20 ECJ
Judgment
of the Court of Justice in Case C-126/01 GEMO – State Aid
conditions
must be met all: granted through State resources, mitigates the charges which
are normally included in the budget of an undertaking, selectivity, affects
trade between Member States; In detail, financial cost involved in the disposal
of animal carcasses and slaughterhouse waste must be considered to be an
inherent cost of the economic activities of farmers and slaughterhouses -
incompatible with Article 87(1) EC
2003-10-15 EC
Commission
decides on public TV financing in Italy and Portugal – State Aid
(Communication on the application of State Aid rules to public service
broadcasting)
Both
cases are compatible with Article 86(2) – compensation is not beyond the
net (additional) cost of public service broadcasting: at the same time, DG Comp
sent Italy, Portugal and Spain letters stating that its preliminary view on how
financing of public TV can be made more transparent and how sufficient
safeguards against excessive public subsidies - that enable cross-subsidisation
of commercial activities - can be introduced (“appropriate measures”)
Initial
Proceedings:
2001-11-13
Commission
opens investigation on ad-hoc aid granted to the Portuguese public broadcaster RTP
- Portugal
1999-07-20
Commission
opens formal procedure regarding certain aid measures for public broadcaster
RAI (Italy) and raises no objections to other measures – Italy
1999-02-03
The
Commission enjoins the French, Italian and Spanish governments to submit
information on the existing nature of the financing schemes of their respective
public broadcasters – seeking the common approach for “dual” financing
systems to finance public broadcaster
related
document:
Address
by Marcelino Oreja, Member of the European Commission to the Spanish
Parliamentary Subcommittee on the RTVE (Spanish Broadcasting Corporation),
Madrid, 11 December 1998 – funding of public broadcasting, problem of mixed
funding
2003-07-24 ECJ
Judgment
of the Court of Justice in Case C-280/00 Altmark Trans et Regierungspräsidium
Magdeburg
ECJ rules that financial support which
merely represents compensation for public service obligations imposed by the
Member States does not have the characteristics of State Aid - However,
for such compensation not to be classified as State aid in a specific case, four
conditions: clearly defined, established in advance, cover costs, proper
compensation, must be satisfied – reversed AG LÉGER’s opinion, limited
sovereignty approach
2003-01-21 EC
State
aid probe into possible overcompensation for Danish public service broadcaster
TV2
2003-01-14 ECJ
Opinion
of the Advocate General in the case C-280/00 Altmark Trans et
Regierungspräsidium Magdeburg [second opinion]
AG Léger
takes the view that State financing of public services constitutes State aid
within the meaning of the Treaty --- Considering the importance of the
question, the Court decided to arrange to arrange a second hearing to request
all the Member States and the Council and the Commission to put forward their
points of view…it is an exceptional procedure – ‘State Aid’
approach was proposed again
2002-04-30 ECJ
GEMO
– Case C-126/01 Opinion of Advocate General
AG Jacobs proposes that a distinction be established
between two categories of case, based on the nature of the link between the
financing granted and the duties imposed and on how clearly those duties are
defined – ‘quid pro quo’ approach v Conventional compensation approach
2002-03-19 ECJ
Altmark
Trans - Case C-280/00 Opinion of Advocate General
AG Léger suggests that the Court reverse its judgment
in Ferring and rule that public service compensation ranks as state aid even
where it merely offsets the costs of the public service
2001-11-22
The Court ruled that, where the amount
of compensation granted by a Member State does not exceed what is necessary to
discharge the public service task, such compensation does not confer an
advantage on recipients and does not, therefore, constitute state aid within
the meaning of Article 87(1)
2000-05-10
Portuguese
Television - Case T-46/97
1997-02-27
FFSA
- Case T-106/95 (upheld by order of the Court of 25 March 1998 in Case
C-174/97 P)
In both cases, CFI held that such
compensation constitutes state aid within the meaning of Article 87(1) of the
Treaty even if the amount of such compensation does not exceed what is
necessary to perform the public service task (provided that the other
conditions of Article 87(1) met)
…traditionally,
the Courts has taken the view that compensation paid by a Member State to
undertakings providing SGEIs did not constitute aid if it were limited to
offsetting the actual cost of performing the public service obligations
For ‘the most
competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world’ – The Lisbon
Strategy (March 2000)
2004-06-30〜 EC
2006-08-25 EC
EU
telecoms reform: Commission continues debate with three studies
- An
assessment of the regulatory framework for electronic communications: growth
and investment in the EU e-Communications sector
-
Preparing the Next Steps in Regulation of Electronic Communications - A
contribution to the review of the electronic communications regulatory
framework
- Experts’
report in relation with the Review of the Recommendation on markets subject to
ex ante regulation
2006-06-27 EC
The
Review 2006 of EU Telecom rules: Strengthening Competition and Completing the
Internal Market
Viviane
Reding, Member of the European Commission responsible for Information Society
and Media
Annual
Meeting of BITKOM, Brussels, Bibliothèque Solvay, 27 June 2006
MEMO:
three challenges for Review 2006, spectrum – ‘a European spectrum agency’ /
better regulation – Article 7 procedure遵守、’an independent European
telecom regulator’、18市場見直し / competition and investment – ドイツを引き合いに、反’regulatory
holidays’、BTを引き合いにstructural separation remedyについて
2006-05-19
ICT
for growth and jobs: most EU Member States need to be more ambitious,
criticises Commission’s first annual progress report – i2010 Annual Report
2006-03-02
Strengthening
the European Creative Industries in the Light of the i2010 Strategy
Neelie
Kroes, Member of the European Commission in charge of Competition Policy
Opening
address at the Austrian Presidency Expert Seminar: Content for competitiveness,
Vienna, 2nd March 2006
2007-2008の間にCommunicationをrevise;
“Developing technology has blurred the traditional concept of broadcasting.
Today, content is increasingly distributed over new platforms such as the
Internet. So policy makers need to reflect on the mission of public service
broadcasters in this new media environment.”
2005-12-13
Legislative
proposal for the revision of the “Television without Frontiers” Directive –
“Audiovisual Media Services Directive”
Press
release: TV
without Frontiers: Commission proposes modernised rules for digital era TV and
TV-like services
Directive
89/552/EECのアップデート（広告規制緩和・””push”型/”pull”型の区別による、放送・高速インターネット・第三世代携帯等の間のlevel
playing field）、いわゆる通信放送融合法（Impact Assessment付き）
2005-09-20-22 Liverpool
Conference
EU: Audiovisual
Conference: Between Culture and Commerce
2005-07-12
Commission
starts final phase in consultations on modernising EU rules for audiovisual
content
2003年に開始されたTWFD見直しの最終段階かつ、2005-06-01に示されたi2010に基づく、Issue
Papersのパブコメ； “common information space”を目指すため、コンテンツ・ネットワーク両面の規制を見直すとともに、アナログ終了を推し進める （インターネットに対してTV並の規制を行うことを警戒する報道も）
2005-06-01
Press
release: Commission
launches five-year strategy to boost the digital economy
Web site: i2010
- A European Information Society for growth and employment
Speech: i2010:
Europe Must Seize the Opportunities of the Digital Economy
By Viviane
Reding, Member of the European Commission responsible for Information Society
and Media
Press
Conference on the occasion of the launch of the initiative European Information
Society 2010,Brussels, 1 June 2005
Pillar
I: Single European Information Space Putting in place the right
regulatory framework, including a modernisation of the EU rules on audiovisual
content services; Pillar II: stronger ICT research; Pillar III: inclusion,
better services for citizens and quality of life, including digital libraries
2005-02-02
Working
together for growth and jobs: a new start for the Lisbon Strategy
Speech by
José Manuel Barroso, Président de la Commission européenne
Conference
of Presidents, European Parliament, Brussels, 2 February 2005.
cf. Q+A:
A new start for the Lisbon Strategy
2004-11-19
Challenges
for Europe’s Information Society beyond 2005: starting point for a new EU
strategy
The
Commission Communication "Challenges
for the European Information Society beyond 2005" COM(2004) 757
2004-11-09
Kok
report calls for more determined political action to revitalise Lisbon strategy
2004-06-30
Communication
on Mobile Broadband Services COM(2004) 447
2003-07-09
Directive 98/48/EC, amending Directive 98/34/EC; Consolidated
version (unofficial)
For real
‘convergence’ era – the Review
of the Television without Frontier Directive （上記Lisbon Strategyとのconvergence部分は併記）
2003〜 EC
2006-12-15 EC
Agreement
on the state aid case with respect to the funding of ARD and ZDF
2006-12-13 MEP
MEPs
set new rules on TV commercials and product placement
Report
***I [Codecision procedure (first reading) majority of the votes cast]
(A6-0399/2006)
2006-11-13/14 Council/European
Parliament
Council:
European Parliament:
Television
in the digital age: MEPs adopt a new approach to product placement
News: TV:
MEPs adopt new approach to product placement
Agenda
/ Commission
de la culture et de l'éducation
2006-11-09 EC
The
modernisation of the Television without Frontiers Directive: Frequently asked
questions
Prior to the vote in the Media&Culture
Committee of the European Parliament and of the Council meeting of Audiovisual
Ministers (both on 13 November 2006)
2006-09-20 Ofcom
Assessing
Indirect Impacts of the EC Proposals for Video Regulation
適用範囲について、EC委員会mimeoへの言及あり（at
vii）;
Value Chain Analysis: IPTV[VOD込み], Mobile Multimedia, Online Games
2006-08-25 総務省
2006-06-08 EC
Viviane
Reding, Member of the European Commission responsible for Information Society
and Media
Seminar
“Regulating the new media landscape”, Brussels, 7 June 2006
一部条文解釈：
blogs – do not have as their ‘principal purpose the delivery of moving images’;
新聞サイトのvideo
footage – ‘only ancillary to it’〜Article 1(a)の’audiovisual
media service’に該当せず； co-regulationに言及する初のCommunity
legislation； 今後のスケジュール：〔Mrs. Hieronymi will present her report in the
committee in July, Adoption by the Committee is scheduled for October and
finally the vote in plenary will take place in December 2006, A political
agreement in Council could be under the German Presidency (1st
half 2007) and second reading could take place under the Portuguese
Presidency (2nd half 2007)〕
2006-06-06 DCMS
分かりやすい解説ペーパー等が添付
2006-05-19
ICT
for growth and jobs: most EU Member States need to be more ambitious,
criticises Commission’s first annual progress report – i2010 Annual Report
2006-05-18-19 Council
Education,
Youth Affairs and Culture Council, Brussels, 18-19 May 2006 (Audiovisual and
media part)
2729th
EDUCATION, YOUTH AND CULTURE Council meeting - Brussels, 18-19 May 2006
(provisional version)
take
note of a progress report（EPの第一読会前）
2006-03-02
Strengthening
the European Creative Industries in the Light of the i2010 Strategy
Neelie
Kroes, Member of the European Commission in charge of Competition Policy
Opening
address at the Austrian Presidency Expert Seminar: Content for competitiveness,
Vienna, 2nd March 2006
2007-2008の間にCommunicationをrevise;
“Developing technology has blurred the traditional concept of broadcasting.
Today, content is increasingly distributed over new platforms such as the
Internet. So policy makers need to reflect on the mission of public service
broadcasters in this new media environment.”
2005-12-13
Legislative
proposal for the revision of the “Television without Frontiers” Directive –
“Audiovisual Media Services Directive”
Press
release: TV
without Frontiers: Commission proposes modernised rules for digital era TV and
TV-like services
Directive
89/552/EECのアップデート（広告規制緩和・””push”型/”pull”型の区別による、放送・高速インターネット・第三世代携帯等の間のlevel
playing field）、いわゆる通信放送融合法（Impact Assessment付き）
2005-09-20-22 Liverpool
Conference
EU: Audiovisual
Conference: Between Culture and Commerce
2005-07-12
Commission
starts final phase in consultations on modernising EU rules for audiovisual
content
2003年に開始されたTWFD見直しの最終段階かつ、2005-06-01に示されたi2010に基づく、Issue
Papersのパブコメ； “common information space”を目指すため、コンテンツ・ネットワーク両面の規制を見直すとともに、アナログ終了を推し進める （インターネットに対してTV並の規制を行うことを警戒する報道も）
2005-06-01
Press
release: Commission
launches five-year strategy to boost the digital economy
Web site: i2010
- A European Information Society for growth and employment
Speech: i2010:
Europe Must Seize the Opportunities of the Digital Economy
By Viviane
Reding, Member of the European Commission responsible for Information Society
and Media
Press
Conference on the occasion of the launch of the initiative European Information
Society 2010,Brussels, 1 June 2005
Pillar
I: Single European Information Space Putting in place the right
regulatory framework, including a modernisation of the EU rules on audiovisual
content services; Pillar II: stronger ICT research; Pillar III: inclusion,
better services for citizens and quality of life, including digital libraries
2005-02-02
European
Commission reorganises its Information Society and Media DG
Downloadable
Organisation Chart (.pdf format)
2005-01-18
Challenges
ahead for the European Commissioner for Convergence
Speech by
Viviane Reding, Member of the European Commission responsible for Information
Society and Media
Opening of
the European Cable Communication Association Conference, Brussels, 18 January
2005
”The
European Commissioner for convergence”
2004-12-07
Business
without frontiers: Europe’s new broadcasting landscape
Viviane
Reding, Member of the European Commission responsible for Information Society
and Media
European
Media Leaders Summit 2004, London, 7 December 2004
兼務者の視点からの（おそらく）最初のスピーチ−他の政策分野と切り離せなくなったICT、TVWFの今後の検討
2004-08-02
Communication
on Interoperability of interactive digital TV services - The Communication sets out the
Commission's position on the issue as required under Art.18 of Directive
2002/21/EC
seeking
dual policy objective: general interests (free flow of information, media
pluralism and cultural diversity…allowing subsidy to MHP receivers in Italy)
and market forces – the Commission will review the situation in the second half
of 2005
cf.2004-04-30 EBU Comments
by the EBU
cf.2004-03-18 EC Staff
Working Paper
2004-04-23
Dealing
with the development of new advertising techniques, such as split screen,
interactive advertising and virtual advertising and the increasing use of new
forms of advertising
cf. Commission
interpretative communication on certain aspects of the provisions on televised
advertising in the 'Television without frontiers' Directive OJ C 102/2
24.8.2004
2003-12-16
European
Commission presents new roadmap for short-and medium term update of EU
audiovisual policy
Communication
on the future of European regulatory audiovisual policy COM(2003)784final
adopted on 15.12.2003
set up
short term/medium term review and timeline
2003-06-25 European Parliament
Report
on Television without Frontiers (2003/2033(INI)) A5-0251/2003
set up
the baseline for the Commission's review --- including wider perspective that
the role of regulation in audiovisual sector extends to new television services
Merger
Review 2000-06-28〜2004-05-01 EC
2004-05-01
New Merger Regulation
took effect
2004-04-29
Merger
- Implementing Regulation documents available
2004-01-29 EC
Council
Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 of 20 January 2004 on the control of concentrations
between undertakings - New EC
Merger Regulation
Official
Journal L 24, 29.01.2004, pages 1-22
Official
Journal C 31, 05.02.2004, pages 5-18
2004-01-20 EC
EU
gives itself new merger control rules for 21st century
New
Merger Regulation frequently asked questions
final
approval for new ECMR, coming into force in May 1st
cf.2003-11-27 EC
Commission
welcomes agreement on new Merger Regulation and so forth; for reference, history of Merger Review
2003-05-13
Competitiveness
Council - Brussels, 13 May 2003 [2003-05-12 press release]
Review of the Merger Regulation: Ministers
will have a first discussion on the Commission's proposal for a new
Merger Regulation
2002-12-11
New regulation was adopted by
the Commission
Commission
adopts comprehensive reform of EU merger control
Merger Review - Proposal for a
Council Regulation on the control of concentrations between undertakings
2002-11-07
Merger
control in the European Union : a radical reform / メモ - Speech by Mario MONTI, Commissioner for Competition
Policy
European Commission/IBA
Conference on EU Merger Control, Brussels, Belgium, 07.11.2002
2002-07-24
2002-06-04
Review
of the EC Merger Regulation - Roadmap for the reform project - Speech by
Mario MONTI, Commissioner for Competition Policy
Conference
on Reform of European Merger Control, British Chamber of Commerce, Brussels,
Belgium
2002-04-01
Submissions
received on the Green Paper on the review of Council Regulation (EEC) No.
4064/89
2001-12-11
Commission
launches wide-ranging discussion on reform of merger control regime - Press
Release - IP/01/1795
Green
Paper on the Review of Council Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 - COM(2001)
745/6
2000-06-28
Report
to the Council on the application of the Merger Regulation thresholds -
COM(2000) 399 final
1999-04-28〜2004-05-01 EC
Modernisation of
the rules implementing Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty
2004-05-01
New regulation took effect
2004-04-29
Antitrust
- General procedural rules published (Modernisation Package)
2004-03-30
"Modernisation
Package" Commission finalises modernisation of the EU antitrust
enforcement rules
2002-12-16
Council
Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on implementation of the rules on
competition laid down in Article 81 and 82 of the Treaty, OJ L1 4.1.2003
2002-11-26
Reform
plan was adopted in the Council meeting / メモ
Landmark
reform simplifies and strengthens antitrust enforcement [EC]
Antitrust
Reform frequently asked questions [EC-FAQ]
2001-09-06
Reforming
competition policy – European Parliament adopted the proposals
2001-06-20
The
European Parliament’s Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs adopted its
first report on the Commission’s proposals
2001-03-29
The
Economic and Social Committee adopted its opinion on the proposed regulation,
OJ C 155, 29.5.2001
2000-11-09,10
Conference
on "The Reform of European Competition Law" - Freiburg, 9 and 10
November 2000
2000-09-27
Proposal
for a Council Regulation on the implementation of the rules on competition laid
down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty - COM(2000) 582
1999-04-28
White
paper on modernisation of the rules implementing articles 85 and 86 [now 81 and
82] of the EC Treaty - Commission programme No. 99/027
2002-05-20〜2003-01-15 US
Court [related materials]
Some Judges support for the plaintiff, but Court decided the
Copyright Act did not infringe constitutional order
2002-01〜2002-10-23 DOJ-FTC
Competition and Intellectual
Property Law and Policy in the Knowledge-Based Economy
2002-03-07〜EC,
2002-05-07〜UK (DTI-DCMS)
New
Communications Policy in EU and UK (under construction)
2003-01-15 Oftel
mainly on
public service broadcasting from the experience of Oftel, pointing out
similarities with telecom
2003-01-15 DCMS
Tessa
Jowell Responds to ITC Programme Supply Review
She said
she was accepting almost all its recommendations, including amendments to the
Communications Bill on the introduction of binding code of practice governing
the dealings of broadcasters with independent production companies…for detailed
contents refer to 2002-11-25
2002-11-20 DTI-DCMS
Press Release: Communications
Bill published [DTI site] / Communications
Bill published [DCMS site]
Communications
Bill [House of Commons site]
cf. BBC
response to publication of Communications Bill
2002-11-14 DCMS
Tessa
Jowell sets out new regime for local radio ownership
speech at Westminster Media Forum
Thursday, 14 November
followed by the Queen’s State Opening of Parliament took place
on Wednesday 13 November 2002, “Legislation will be brought forward to reform
the broadcasting and telecommunications industry by promoting competition and
investment and giving powers to the Office of Communications”
2002-10-29 DTI-DCMS
DCMS press release: Government
responds to Joint Committee on Draft Communications Bill
DTI press release: Government
responds to Joint Committee on Draft Communications Bill
2002-10-22 Oftel
Terms
of supply of conditional access: Oftel guidelines
The
Economics of Antitrust in the Telecommunications Sector, held at Brussels, Monday, 16 September
2002
European
Commission, Centre Albert Borschette, 36 rue Froissart, 1040 Brussels, Room 0 D
new telecom regulatory framework, market definition,
collective dominance, access…Economics of Antitrust in telecom sector
2002-09-19 JFTC
政府規制と競争政策に関する研究会第１回電気通信事業ワーキンググループ議事概要
「欧州委員会による市場分析及び『有力な市場』の評価に関するガイドライン」（公取委訳） 2002-07-09
「OFTELによる市場競争の評価に関するガイドライン」（公取委訳） 2002-08-05
2002-09-13 Oftel
Oftel publishes
guidelines on access obligations to communications networks
Imposing
access obligations under the new EU Directives
2002-08-05 Oftel
Oftel's market
review guidelines: criteria for the assessment of significant market power
2002-07 EC
Study
on "Market Definitions for Regulatory Obligations in Communications
Markets", prepared by Squire Sanders and Dempsey
examines and analyses markets in the electronic
communications sector with a view to defining relevant markets for ex-ante
regulation and attempts to develop guiding principles or criteria for
identifying candidate markets for ex-ante regulation
2002-07-31 Oftel
UK's
response to the Commission's draft Recommendation on Relevant Markets
2002-07-31 UK
Parliament
The Joint Committee published its Report
on the draft Communications Bill
cf. Following
statement by the Ministers of DTI, DCMS
2002-07-30 EC
Legislation
and Regulation in the Transatlantic Framework Telecoms and Media -Speech by
Herbert UNGERER
at Executive Forum on the Telecommunications
Industry, European Union Centre of the University System of Georgia, Atlanta,
USA, 17.06.2002
2002-07-30 ITC
ITC
issues further commendations on draft Communications Bill
2002-07-28 EC
Commission
creates Radio Spectrum Policy Group and European Regulators Group
2002-07-26 UK
Regulators Publish
Statement On Joint Working
2002-07-25 Ofcom
David
Currie is appointed the new chair of OFCOM
2002-07-15 RA
Implementing
Spectrum Trading - A Consultation Document
2002-07-09 EC
Commission
issues market power assessment Guidelines for electronic communications
COMMISSION
GUIDELINES on market analysis and the assessment of SMP under the Community
regulatory framework for Electronic
communications networks and services
2002-06-18 EC
2002-06-04 EC
The
new EU regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications: From sector
regulation to Competition Law, speech by
Christian HOCEPIED [EC]
2002-05-08 Oftel
The
pricing of conditional access services and related issues
2002-05-07 DTI-DCMS
The
draft Communications Bill published - Joint Committee on
the draft Communications Bill [UK Parliament]
2002-03-07 EC
New
Regulatory Framework for electronic communications infrastructure and
associated services
adopted by
the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers [will apply from 25 July
2003]
published
in OJ
L 108, of 24.04.2002 - consisting of four Directives and one Decision
2002-03-06 DTI
Radio
Spectrum Management Review [an independent review for DTI and HM Treasury]
reported by the team led by Prof. Marin Cave
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